Complex tool

ABSTRACT

In a complex tool to be installed on a machine tool capable of turning machining and milling machining, a main body  21   a  is provided, inserts for turning machining  22, 23, 26  are installed on the main body, and inserts for milling machining  22, 25  and inserts for drilling machining  22, 25  are installed on the main body, so that turning machining and drilling/milling machining can be executed by the inserts installed on the main body without tool exchange. Turning machining and drilling/milling machining can be executed without tool exchange, and effective machining is possible, saving time and labor for tool exchange.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to a complex tool which is a toolinstalled on a complex machining machine tool capable of turningmachining and milling machining wherein a plurality of inserts isinstalled on a single holder portion and turning machining androtational tool machining, such as drilling/milling machining can beexecuted with one tool.

[0002] In such kind of machine tool, tools are divided into tools forturning machining and tools for drilling/milling machining in the past.And, machining is performed in such a manner that a tool installed on atool rest is attached or detached so as to exchange, fitting tomachining to be performed from now on every change of machiningcontents.

[0003] In such a machine tool, it is necessary to exchange a tool everychange of machining contents. Then, the time for tool exchange decreasesmachining efficiency, inconveniently. Then, a proposal for improvingmachining efficiency is that the trouble of tool exchange is saved usinga complex tool installing a plurality of tools thereon.

[0004] But, the diameter of the complex tool is made bigger since aplurality of cutting tools is installed on a cylindrical holder case orso as it is in a conventional complex tool. Besides, there is such aproblem that drilling/milling machining is impossible although aplurality of kinds of turning machining is possible.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a complex toolhaving a smaller diameter, capable of a plurality of kinds of turningmachining and drilling/milling machining with one tool, taking theabove-mentioned circumstances into consideration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The invention of claim 1 is complex tool to be installed on amachine tool capable of executing turning machining and millingmachining, comprising:

[0007] a main body in a bar shape, installing inserts on its top endbeing free to attach and detach;

[0008] a concave portion formed on said main body from an outerperipheral portion of said main body in a direction of an axial centerof said main body along said axial center direction from a top endportion of said main body;

[0009] a plurality of insert installation faces formed on said mainbody, putting said concave portion therebetween; and

[0010] said insert installed on said insert installation face.

[0011] In the invention of claim 1, a plurality of insert installationfaces is formed in the concave portion formed from the outer peripheralportion of the main body for the direction of the axial center of themain body, putting the concave portion therebetween, and the insert isdirectly installed on the insert installation face. Then, a plurality ofinserts can be located on the main body with high density. Even if aplurality of inserts is installed, the outer diameter of the complextool can be smaller. Besides, inner diameter machining and end millingmachining can be executed from the diameter having smaller hole with thecomplex tool. Then, efficient machining is possible.

[0012] Besides, cutting chip of the two inserts located in the concaveportion can be eliminated by one concave portion, thereby the diameterof complex tool can be further made smaller. And, the diameter of thetool can be made smaller, so that the stability of the machining of thecomplex tool at high speed can be improved.

[0013] The invention of claim 2 is the complex tool, wherein a pluralityof said concave portions is formed.

[0014] In the invention of claim 2, a plurality of concave portions isformed, and a plurality of inserts can be provided with each concaveportion. Then, more kinds of machining is possible.

[0015] The invention of claim 3 is the complex tool, wherein saidinserts located putting said concave portion therebetween are installedon said insert installation portions such that both cutting directionsare opposite to each other.

[0016] In the invention of claim 3, the inserts located putting theconcave portion therebetween are installed on the insert installationportions such that both cutting directions are opposite to each other.Then, the inserts can be located so as to oppose to each other, sharingthe concave portion, and location of inserts with high density ispossible.

[0017] The invention of claim 4 is the complex tool, wherein a recess isformed on said main body for said insert.

[0018] In the invention of claim 4, a recess is formed on the main bodyof the complex tool with respect to the insert. Then, machining ispossible with the present complex tool without interference between theinsert to be used for machining and a workpiece.

[0019] The invention of claim 5 is the complex tool as set forth inclaim 2, wherein at least two inserts having the same cutting direction,of a plurality of said inserts located on a plurality of said concaveportions are provided such that their top edges are located with equaldistance with respect to said axial center of said main body.

[0020] In the invention of claim 5, drilling machining of the diametercorresponding to the tool edge distance of at least two inserts ispossible, making use of at least two inserts located with equaldistance. Besides, milling machining is also possible, efficientlymaking use of a plurality of inserts.

[0021] The invention of claim 6 is the complex tool as set forth inclaim 2, wherein said insert is located such that a top edge of saidinsert offsets to said concave portion side a predetermined distancefrom a radial face with said axial center of said main body as itscenter.

[0022] In the invention of claim 6, the insert is located, offsetting onthe concave portion side a predetermined distance on a radial face withthe axial center of the main body of the complex tool as its center.Then, the thickness of the main body portion for installing the insertcan be made thicker so as to endure the stress generating at the time ofmachining. Therefore, chatter can be prevented.

[0023] The invention of claim 7 is the complex tool as set forth inclaim 4, wherein a plurality of said recesses is formed per one insert.

[0024] In the invention of claim 7, a plurality of the recesses isformed for each insert. Then, a plurality of different machiningcorresponding to the recesses can be set for each insert, and variouskinds of machining is possible.

[0025] The invention of claim 8 is the complex tool as set forth inclaim 4, wherein said recesses include a recess formed on said top endof said main body, hollowing a central portion of said main body.

[0026] In the invention of claim 8, the recess is formed on the top endof the main body, hollowing a central portion of the main body. Then,the recess helps elimination of chips at the time of drilling machiningor milling machining, and smooth machining is possible.

[0027] The invention of claim 9 is complex tool to be installed on amachine tool capable of executing turning machining and millingmachining, comprising:

[0028] a main body;

[0029] an insert for turning machining installed on said main body; and

[0030] an insert for milling machining installed on said main body;

[0031] whereby both turning machining and milling machining can beexecuted by said inserts installed on said main body without exchangingtools.

[0032] In the invention of claim 9, turning machining is possible withthe insert for turning machining installed on the main body and millingmachining is possible with the insert for milling machining. Then, bothturning and milling machining can be executed without tool exchange, andefficient machining is possible, saving trouble and time for toolexchange.

[0033] The invention of claim 10 is complex tool to be installed on amachine tool capable of executing turning machining and drillingmachining by rotating tool, comprising:

[0034] a main body;

[0035] an insert for turning machining installed on said main body; and

[0036] an insert for drilling machining installed on said main body;

[0037] whereby both turning machining and drilling machining by rotatingtool can be executed by said inserts installed on said main body withoutexchanging tools.

[0038] In the invention of claim 10, turning machining is possible withthe insert for turning machining installed on the main body and drillingmachining is possible with the insert for drilling machining. Then, bothturning and drilling machining can be executed without tool exchange,and efficient machining is possible, saving trouble and time for toolexchange.

[0039] The invention of claim 11 is the complex tool as set forth inclaim 9 or 10, wherein said insert is provided being free to attach toand detach from said main body.

[0040] In the invention of claim 11, the insert is attachably anddetachably provided. Then, worn or damaged insert can be easilyexchanged, and it is very convenient on its maintenance.

[0041] The invention of claim 12 is the complex tool as set forth inclaim 9 or 10, wherein said insert for turning machining also serves assaid insert for milling machining.

[0042] In the invention of claim 12, the insert for turning machiningalso serves as the insert for milling machining. Then, more kinds ofmachining is possible with small numbers of inserts.

[0043] The invention of claim 13 is the complex tool as set forth inclaim 9 or 10, wherein said insert for turning machining also serves assaid insert for drilling machining.

[0044] In the invention of claim 13, the insert for turning machiningalso serves as the insert for drilling machining. Then, more kinds ofmachining is possible with small numbers of inserts.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045]FIG. 1 is a control block diagram showing an example of a complextool according to present invention and a complex machining machine toolto which the complex tool is applied;

[0046]FIG. 2 is a view for showing an example of the present complextool, (a) is a front view, (b) is a view seen from arrow I of (a) and(c) is a view seen from arrow J of (a);

[0047]FIG. 3 is a schematic view obliquely showing an example of thepresent complex tool;

[0048]FIG. 4 is a schematic view for showing drilling machining when thecomplex tool according to the present invention is used;

[0049]FIG. 5 is a schematic view for showing turning drilling machiningwhen the complex tool according to the present invention is used;

[0050]FIG. 6 is a schematic view for showing end milling machining whenthe complex tool according to the present invention is used;

[0051]FIG. 7 is a schematic view for showing turning rough machining ofouter diameter when the complex tool according to the present inventionis used;

[0052]FIG. 8 is a schematic view for showing turning rough machining ofend face of outer diameter when the complex tool according to thepresent invention is used;

[0053]FIG. 9 is a schematic view for showing turning rough machining ofend face of outer diameter when the complex tool according to thepresent invention is used;

[0054]FIG. 10(a) is a schematic view for showing groove machining ofouter diameter and FIG. 10(b) is a schematic view for showing screwmachining of outer diameter when the complex tool according to thepresent invention is used;

[0055]FIG. 11(a) is a schematic view for showing groove machining ofinner diameter and FIG. 11(b) is a schematic view for showing screwmachining of inner diameter when the complex tool according to thepresent invention is used;

[0056]FIG. 12 is a schematic view for showing groove machining of outerdiameter when the complex tool according to the present invention isused; and

[0057]FIG. 13 is a schematic view for showing recess machining when thecomplex tool according to the present invention is used.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0058]FIG. 1 is a control block diagram showing an example of a complexmachining machine tool to which the present complex tool is applied.

[0059] A complex machining machine tool 1 has a main control portion 2,as shown in FIG. 1. With the main control portion 2, an input portion,such as a keyboard 5, a system program memory 6, a tool file 7, amachining program memory 9, a spindle control portion 10, a tool restcontrol portion 11 and a display 12 are connected through a bus line 3.A spindle motor 13 is connected with the spindle control portion 10.With the spindle motor 13, a spindle 15, being free to rotate, drive andposition with axial center CT provided parallel to a direction as shownby arrows A and B, that is, Z-axis as its center is connected. With thespindle 15, a chuck 16, which is an example of means for installing aworkpiece, is provided. Claws 16 a, 16 a are provided with the chuck 16,being free to hold and release a workpiece 17 to be machined having anouter diameter D1, being free to move and drive in a direction as shownby arrows C and D.

[0060] Tool rest driving motors 19 (the plural number) are connectedwith the tool rest control portion 11. A tool rest 20 is connected withthe tool rest driving motor 19, being free to move and drive in theZ-axis direction and in the direction as shown by arrows E and Frectangular to the Z-axis, that is, in the X-axis direction by the toolrest driving motors 19. Furthermore, the tool rest 20 is provided, beingfree to move and drive in Y-axis direction rectangular to the X-axis andZ-axis, and rectangular to the paper, and in the direction as shown byarrows G and H which is B-axis direction with the Y-axis as its centerby the tool rest driving motors 19.

[0061] A tool holding portion 20 a is formed on the tool rest 20. Aturning tool or a complex tool 21 according to the present invention(described hereinafter in detail), capable of milling/drilling machiningis provided with the tool holding portion 20 a, being free to attach,detach and exchange. The tool holding portion 20 a is provided, beingfree to fix and hold the complex tool and other tools in a predeterminedholding state, and being free to rotate, drive and position aroundrotational axis (axial center) CT2. When a main body 21 a of the complextool is installed in the tool rest 20, the installation is executed soas to correspond the rotational axis (axial center) CT2 of the tool restand an axial center of the main body (also corresponds to “an axialcenter of the complex tool”) CT3 with each other.

[0062]FIG. 2 is a view for showing an example of the present complextool, (a) is a front view, (b) is a view seen from arrow I of (a) and(c) is a view seen from arrow J of (a). And, FIG. 3 is a schematic viewobliquely showing an example of the present complex tool.

[0063] As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the complex tool 21 has the mainbody 21 a in a round bar shape, taperingly formed on the right hand sideof FIG. 2(a). The main body 21 a has an engagement portion 21 c (theright hand from near the center of FIG. 2(a)) in almost disc shape, andin almost U shape in its side, for engaging the complex tool 21 with thetool holding portion 20 a of the complex machining machine tool 1 so asto install. At the top end of the main body 21 a, an insert installationportion 21 b is formed.

[0064] Concave portions (“chip pockets” hereinafter) 21 d, 21 d areprovided with the insert installation portion 21 b along the axialcenter CT3 of the main body 21 a from top end 21 n of the main body 21 awith distance L1. Each chip pocket 21 d is provided, forming L characterof groove with depth L2 from a main body outer peripheral portion 21 pnear the insert installation portion 21 b. The chip pocket 21 d isformed in such a manner that its depth 12 is made smaller withapproaching a base portion of the main body 21 a, that is, withapproaching the right hand of FIG. 2(a). And, the chip pockets 21 d, 21d are formed on two portions at the pitch of about 90° with the axialcenter CT3 of the main body 21 a as its center with almost pointsymmetry, as shown in FIG. 2(c). Besides, insert installation faces 21 qare formed on the main body 21 a of the top end of the insertinstallation portion 21 b, putting each chip pocket 21 d therebetween.Four inserts 22, 23, 25, 26 are installed on the respective installationfaces 21 q being free to attach and detach so as to face the chippockets 21 d, 21 d.

[0065] The inserts 22, 25 of the four inserts 22, 23, 25, 26 are locatedin such a manner that perpendicular force f acting on a surface of theside facing the chip pocket 21 d generates left rotation with the axialcenter CT3 of FIG. 2(c) as its center. And, the inserts 23, 26 arelocated in such a manner that perpendicular force f acting on thesurface of the side facing the chip pocket 21 d generates right rotationwith the axial center CT3 of FIG. 2(c) as its center. That is, theinserts 22, 25 and the inserts 23, 26 are respectively located in such amanner that respective cutting directions are opposite to each other.With respect to the inserts 22 and 26, the inserts 23 and 25, which arerespectively located at one same chip pocket 21 d, 21 d facing eachother, the cutting directions of these inserts 22 and 26, the inserts 23and 25 are opposite to each other.

[0066] The inserts 22, 25, located on the different chip pocket 21 d,having the same cutting direction are installed in such a manner thatthe distance between top end 22 a of outer peripheral portion and theaxial center CT3 and the distance between top end 25 a of outerperipheral portion and the axial center CT3 are both distance L3, asshown in FIG. 2(c) . By doing so, the top end 22 a of the insert 22 andthe top end 25 a of the insert 25 can be rotated on a locus of aconcentric circle by rotating the complex tool 21 around the axialcenter CT3. Then, twice cutting can be executed by the inserts 22, 25for one rotation in drilling machining or milling machining, forinstance, then machining efficiency can be improved.

[0067] As shown in FIG. 2(c), recesses are formed on the peripheralportions of the inserts 22, 23, 25, 26 so as to cope with eachmachining. A recess 21 f, being gradually inclined from the top end 21 nof the main body 21 a to the directions for the root (the innermostdirection of the paper of the figure) of the complex tool 21 and theouter peripheral portion 21 q of the main body, is formed on theinstallation face 21 q side of the insert 22. Furthermore, a recess 21 gis provided with the recess 21 f, being inclined to the outer peripheralportion 21 p of the main body 21 a, continuing to the recess 21 f.

[0068] A recess 21 h, being gradually inclined from the top end 21 n ofthe main body 21 a to the directions for the root (the innermostdirection of the paper of the figure) of the complex tool 21 and theouter peripheral portion, is formed on the installation face 21 q sideof the insert 23. Furthermore, a recess 21 i, wherein the outerperipheral portion 21 p of the main body 21 a is offset a predeterminedquantity L6, is formed on the outer periphery side of the recess 21 h,as shown in FIG. 2(b).

[0069] A recess 21 j, being gradually inclined from the top end 21 n ofthe main body 21 a to the directions for the root (the innermostdirection of the paper of the figure) of the complex tool 21 and theouter peripheral portion 21 p, is formed on the installation face 21 qside of the insert 25.

[0070] A recess 21 k, being gradually inclined from the top end 21 n ofthe main body 21 a to the directions for the root (the innermostdirection of the paper of the figure) of the complex tool 21 and theouter peripheral portion 21 p, is formed on the installation face 21 qside of the insert 26. Furthermore, a recess 21 l is formed, notchingthe outer peripheral portion 21 p in a part, as shown in FIG. 2(a).

[0071] Furthermore, a recess 21 m, having concave shape with thevicinity of the axial center CT3 of the central portion of the main body21 a as its center, is formed on the surface of the top end 21 n of themain body 21 a, being surrounded by the four inserts 22, 23, 25, 26.Then, the interference of the respective inserts 22, 23, 25, 26 withrespect to the workpiece 17 at the time of each machining can beeffectively saved.

[0072] And, the respective inserts 22, 23, 25, 26 are located in orderto secure the thickness of an insert supporting portion 21 e (theportion sandwiched between the chip pockets 21 d, 21 d) by which theinserts are supported through the insert installation face 21 q,especially the thickness of the periphery of the axial center CT3 of themain body, in such a manner that each tool edge offsets predeterminedquantity in a direction for making thickness of the insert supportingportion 21 e bigger, that is, in the direction of the chip pocket 21 dfrom a radial face with the axial center CT3 as its center, as shown inFIG. 2(c). That is, the insert 22 is located, offsetting distance o withrespect to the radial face RP with the axial center CT3 as its center,and in a similar way, distance p for the insert 23, distance q for theinsert 25, and distance r for the insert 26.

[0073] Offsetting of the tool edge with respect to the axial center CT3which is the center of the tool has caused the problem, such asdimensional error after machining in the past since it is difficult tocorrectly contact the tool edge with the workpiece. But, by moving thetool rest 20 the above-mentioned offset quantity in the Y-axis directionso as to position, the tool edge can be positioned at a proper positioncorresponding to the center of the workpiece (Z-axis). Then, widerthickness of the vicinity of the axial center CT3 of the insertsupporting portion 21 e can be secured, and the strength with respect toturning resistance can be obtained. Therefore, the complex tool 21 canbe made smaller.

[0074] At the time of drilling machining, the hole of the diameterbigger than one of the main body 21 a is machined by helical machiningwith the complex tool 21 rotating and spirally moving. But, the tooledge of the insert 22 or 25 is elongated to the axial center CT3 and themain body 21 a is rotated by making use of the inserts 22, 25 which tooledges 22 a and 25 d are located with equal distance from the axialcenter CT3, so that a hole having diameter equal to distance L5 betweenthe inserts 22 and 25, almost equal to the main body 21 a can bemachined similar to the case wherein a drill which nominal diameter isL5 is used.

[0075] Holes 27, 27 for adding cutting oil from almost central portionof the inner diameter side of the engagement portion 21 c on theinclined faces of the chip pockets 21 d, 21 are provided with thecomplex tool 21. Then, cutting oil can be added in the present complextool 21 during the machining, such as inner diameter machining whereinit is difficult to add cutting oil. Besides, the holes 27, 27 are notformed on the top end portions of the insert installation portion 21 b,but in the chip pockets 21 d, 21, so that the strength of the top endportions can be secured. As the result, the complex tool 21 can be madesmaller.

[0076] As explained heretofore, the diameter of the present complex tool21 can be made smaller. Then, stability at the time of high speedrotation can be improved. Besides, drilling/milling machining can bealso executed since inner diameter machining on small diameter and highspeed rotation are possible.

[0077] Since the present complex tool 21 has the above-mentionedstructure, a plurality of machining can be executed by installing thisin the complex machining machine tool 1. Methods of machining with thepresent complex tool 21 will now be explained hereinafter, referring tothe drawings.

[0078] When machining is executed using the present complex tool 21 asshown in FIG. 1, an operator firstly inputs machining data by a methodof known automatic programming by operating the keyboard 5 so as tocompose machining program. On this occasion, the main control portion 2composes machining program on the basis of the machining data input byan operator according to a known automatic program stored in the systemprogram memory 6, and the machining program composed is stored in themachining program memory 9.

[0079] After the machining program concerning the workpiece 17 iscomposed, an operator instructs the main control portion 2 to machinethe workpiece 17 through the keyboard 5. Receiving this, the maincontrol portion 2 reads out the machining program concerning theworkpiece 17 from the machining program memory 9 so as to machine,appropriately driving the spindle control portion 10 and the tool restcontrol portion 11.

[0080] The tool to be used at this time is designated by the machiningprogram. After the tool to be used is designated by the machiningprogram, the main control portion 2 refers to the tool file 7 and readsout the tool data of the corresponding tool. In the tool file 7, thetool data necessary for machining is set for each tool as chart data.

[0081] That is, for the complex tool 21, indexing angle around the axialcenter CT2 (CT3) of the tool holding portion 20 a (A-axis) is designatedevery inserts 22, 23, 25, 26 according machining contents capable ofmachining by the complex tool 21 in this tool file 7. By this A-axisindexing angle, the complex tool 21 is rotated and driven apredetermined A-axis angle from origin angular position around the axialcenter CT2 of the tool holding portion 20 a of the tool rest 20 (in thedirection as shown by arrows K and L of FIG. 3), thereby the insert isselected and the insert 22, 23, 25 or 26 to be used for future machiningis positioned at a predetermined position with respect to the workpiece.

[0082] Besides, B-axis indexing angle at the time of machining with theinserts 22, 23, 25, 26 is stored every machining contents of therespective inserts 22, 23, 25, 26 in the tool file 7. In the state thatthe predetermined insert is selected by the A-axis angle indexing, theselected insert is rotated around the B-axis at this time so as to indexconcerning the B-axis angle by this B-axis indexing angle. And, theinsert is rotated and moved in the direction as shown by arrows G and Hin the plane parallel to the X-Z plane so as to position the selectedinsert at the position fit to the machining to be executed from now on.

[0083] The A-axis indexing angle and the B-axis indexing angle are thusdesignated in the tool file 7, thereby the tool installing a pluralityof inserts 22, 23, 25, 26 is appropriately selected so as to provide formachining.

[0084] The tool rest control portion 11 drives a tool exchanger (notshown) and selects the complex tool 21 from a tool magazine (not shown)so as to install on the tool rest 20. After the complex tool 21 isinstalled on the tool rest 20, the tool rest control portion 11 refersto detailed data of the tool of corresponding insert concerning the tool(insert) of the complex tool 21 designated in the machining program fromthe tool file 7 so as to read out the A-axis indexing angle and theB-axis indexing angle.

[0085] The tool rest control portion 11 drives and controls a tooldriving motor (not shown) built in the tool rest on the basis of theA-axis indexing angle and the B-axis indexing angle, which are read outso as to rotate the complex tool 21 around the axial center CT3. Then,the insert 22, 23, 25 or 26 to be used for machining is selected andpositioned. Besides, the B-axis driving motor is driven and the toolrest 20 is moved and driven in the direction as shown by the arrows Gand H so as to position the selected insert at a predetermined position.

[0086] Thereafter, the spindle 15 is rotated and driven at predeterminedrotational numbers by the spindle driving motor 13 so as to let theworkpiece 17 be in rotating state or the tool holding portion 20 a isrotated and driven around the axial center CT2 by the tool driving motorso as to let the complex tool 21 be in rotating state. And, machining isexecuted according to the machining program as mentioned before,appropriately driving the workpiece 17 through the spindle controlportion 10 and the complex tool 21 through the tool rest control portion11.

[0087] As mentioned before, the insert 22, 23, 25 or 26 of the complextool 21 is indexed and positioned at a predetermined A-axis indexingangle by the complex machining machine tool 1 so as to select.Furthermore, the complex tool 21 is indexed and positioned at the B-axisindexing angle so as to locate the selected insert at a predeterminedmachining position with respect to the workpiece. And, the tool rest 20is appropriately driven in the X direction and in the Z direction andthe rotational number and the rotational direction of the workpiece 17or the complex tool 21 is controlled and driven, so that a plurality ofmachining can be executed.

[0088] That is, tool exchange time for turning machining anddrilling/milling machining, used to be necessary in the past can besaved since a plurality of kinds of turning machining anddrilling/milling machining can be executed with one complex tool 21.

[0089] Besides, it is necessary to separately prepare a tool for turningmachining and a tool for drilling/milling machining in the past. But, itis sufficient to prepare only one present complex tool 21. Then, thecost of tools can be decreased when a plurality of machining isnecessary.

[0090] Embodiments when the complex tool 21 of the present invention isused will now be explained hereinafter, referring to the drawings.

[0091]FIG. 4 is a schematic view for showing drilling machining when thecomplex tool according to the present invention is used. In a similarway hereinafter, FIG. 5 is a schematic view for showing turning drillingmachining. FIG. 6 is a schematic view for showing end milling machining.FIG. 7 is a schematic view for showing turning rough machining of outerdiameter. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are schematic views for showing turningrough machining of end face of outer diameter. FIG. 10(a) is a schematicview for showing recessing machining of outer diameter. FIG. 10(b) is aschematic view for showing screw machining of outer diameter. FIG. 11(a)is a schematic view for showing groove machining of inner diameter. FIG.11(b) is a schematic view for showing screw machining of inner diameter.FIG. 12 is a schematic view for showing groove machining of outerdiameter. FIG. 13 is a schematic view for showing recess machining forgrinding.

[0092] When drilling machining is executed, the tool rest 20 is drivenin the direction as shown by the arrows G and H by the B-axis drivingmotor so as to position in such a manner that the angle of the axialcenter CT3 is 0° (the angle of the axial center CT3 parallel to theaxial center CT of the spindle 15 is 0°, hereinafter) according to theabove-mentioned machining program, as shown in FIG. 4. In such a statethat the spindle 15 is fixed and held by the spindle control portion 10and the workpiece 17 is fixed, the complex tool 21 is rotated around theaxial center CT3 in the direction as shown by the arrow K at apredetermined rotational number. The relative position of the complextool 21 with respect to the workpiece 17 is properly driven and moved bythe tool rest control portion 11. Then, the workpiece 17 is drilled bythe inserts 22, 25 so as to executed drilling machining. And, the topend portion of the insert support portion 21 e of the main body 21 a hasthe above-mentioned recesses 21 f, 21 g, 21 j and the recess 21 m whichtop end center is in concave shape. Then, machining can be executedwithout the interference between the workpiece 17 and the insertsupporting portion 21 e of the top end portion of the main body 21 a.The complex tool 21 is properly driven and rotated around the axialcenter CT of the workpiece by the tool rest control portion 11,remaining as the B-axis angle of the axial center CT3 is 0° in such astate that the workpiece 17 is fixed and held so as to execute helicalmachining, thereby drilling machining can be executed on the diameterbigger than outer diameter L5 of the complex tool 21. On this occasion,chip due to cutting is eliminated outside through the chip pocket 21 d.

[0093] When turning drilling machining is executed as shown in FIG. 5,the B-axis angle α of the axial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 ispositioned at 10° so as to fix the complex tool 21 and the workpiece 17is rotated at a predetermined rotational number in the direction asshown by arrow N according to the machining program in a similar way.And, the complex tool 21 is properly driven and moved with respect tothe workpiece 17. Then, the workpiece is turned by the insert 22 so asto execute turning drilling machining. And, the top end portion of theinsert support portion 21 e of the top end portion of the main body 21 ahas the above-mentioned recesses 21 f, 21 g and the recess 21 m whichtop end center is in concave shape. Then, machining can be executedwithout the interference between a wall portion 17 a of the workpiece 17and the insert supporting portion 21 e.

[0094] When end milling machining is executed as shown in FIG. 6, theB-axis angle α of the axial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 ispositioned at 0° so as to fix the workpiece 17 and the complex tool 21is rotated at a predetermined rotational number in the direction asshown by arrow K according to the machining program in a similar way.And, the complex tool 21 is properly driven and moved with respect tothe workpiece 17 in the X plane and in the Y plane in such a state thatthe B-axis angle α of the axial center CT3 is fixed at 0°. Then, theworkpiece 17 is milled by the inserts 22, 25 so as to execute endmilling machining. And, the top end portion of the insert supportportion 21 e has the above-mentioned recesses 21 f, 21 g, 21 j and therecess 21 m which top end center is in concave shape. Then, machiningcan be executed without the interference between the wall portion 17 aof the workpiece 17 and the insert supporting portion 21 e.

[0095] When turning rough machining of outer diameter is executed asshown in FIG. 7, the insert 22 of the complex tool 21 is selected, andthe B-axis angle α of the axial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 ispositioned at 92°, for instance so as to fix the complex tool 21 and theworkpiece 17 is rotated at a predetermined rotational number in thedirection as shown by arrow N according to the machining program in asimilar way. And, the complex tool 21 is properly driven and moved withrespect to the workpiece 17. Then, the workpiece 17 is turned by theinsert 22 so as to execute turning rough machining of outer diameter.When turning finishing machining of outer diameter is executed, theinsert 25 is selected according to the machining program and the B-axisangle α of the axial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 is positioned at92° so as to execute similarly. And, the top end portion of the insertsupport portion 21 e of the main body 21 a has the above-mentionedrecesses 21 f, 21 g, 21 j and the recess 21 m which top end center is inconcave shape. Then, machining can be executed without the interferencebetween the workpiece 17 and the insert supporting portion 21 e.

[0096] When turning rough machining of end face of outer diameter isexecuted as shown in FIG. 8, the insert 22 is selected, and the B-axisangle α of the axial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 is positioned at91° so as to fix the complex tool 21 and the workpiece 17 is rotated ata predetermined rotational number in the direction as shown by arrow Naccording to the machining program in a similar way. And, the complextool 21 is properly driven and moved with respect to the workpiece 17.Then, the workpiece 17 is turned by the insert 22 so as to executeturning rough machining of end face of outer diameter. When turningfinishing machining of end face of outer diameter is executed, theinsert 25 is selected according to the machining program and the B-axisangle α of the axial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 is positioned at91° so as to execute similarly. And, the top end portion of the insertsupport portion 21 e has the above-mentioned recesses 21 f, 21 g, 21 jand the recess 21 m which top end center is in concave shape. Then,machining can be executed without the interference between the workpiece17 and the insert supporting portion 21 e of the main body 21 a.

[0097] When turning rough machining of end face of outer diameter isexecuted as shown in FIG. 9, the insert 22 is selected, and the B-axisangle α of the axial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 is positioned at0° so as to fix the complex tool 21 and the workpiece 17 is rotated at apredetermined rotational number in the direction as shown by arrow Maccording to the machining program in a similar way. And, the complextool 21 is properly driven and moved with respect to the workpiece 17.Then, the workpiece 17 is turned by the insert 22 so as to executeturning rough machining of end face of outer diameter. When turningfinishing machining of end face of outer diameter is executed, theinsert 25 is selected according to the machining program and the B-axisangle α of the axial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 is positioned at0° so as to execute similarly. And, the top end portion of the insertsupport portion 21 e has the above-mentioned recesses 21 f, 21 g, 21 jand the recess 21 m which top end center is in concave shape. Then,machining can be executed without the interference between the workpiece17 and the insert supporting portion 21 e.

[0098] When groove machining of outer diameter is executed as shown inFIG. 10(a) or screw machining of outer diameter is executed as shown inFIG. 10(b), the insert 26 is selected, and the B-axis angle α of theaxial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 is positioned at 20° so as tofix the complex tool 21 and the workpiece 17 is rotated at apredetermined rotational number in the direction as shown by arrow Naccording to the machining program in a similar way. And, the complextool 21 is properly driven and moved with respect to the workpiece 17 inthe axial center CT direction. Then, the workpiece 17 is turned by theinsert 26 so as to execute groove machining of outer diameter or screwmachining of outer diameter. At the time of groove machining of outerdiameter, both end portions 17 c, 17 c of a groove 17 b can be chamferedby the shape of the insert 26 at the same time of turning. And, the topend portion of the insert support portion 21 e has the above-mentionedrecesses 21 k, 21 l and the recess 21 m which top end center is inconcave shape. Then, machining can be executed without the interferencebetween the workpiece 17 and the insert supporting portion 21 e.

[0099] When groove machining of inner diameter is executed as shown inFIG. 11(a) or screw machining of inner diameter is executed as shown inFIG. 11(b), the insert 26 is selected, and the B-axis angle α of theaxial center CT3 of the complex tool 21 is positioned at 20° so as tofix the complex tool 21 and the workpiece 17 is rotated at apredetermined rotational number in the direction as shown by arrow Maccording to the machining program in a similar way. And, the complextool 21 is properly driven and moved with respect to the workpiece 17.Then, the workpiece 17 is turned by the insert 26 so as to executegroove machining of inner diameter or screw machining of inner diameter.At the time of groove machining of inner diameter, both end portions 17c, 17 c of the groove 17 b can be chamfered by the shape of the insert26 at the same time of turning. And, the top end portion of the insertsupport portion 21 e has the above-mentioned recesses 21 k, 21 l and therecess 21 m which top end center is in concave shape. Then, machiningcan be executed without the interference between the workpiece 17 andthe insert supporting portion 21 e.

[0100] When groove machining of outer diameter is executed as shown inFIG. 12, the insert 23 is selected, and the B-axis angle α of the axialcenter CT3 of the complex tool 21 is positioned at 110° so as to fix thecomplex tool 21 and the workpiece 17 is rotated at a predeterminedrotational number in the direction as shown by arrow M according to themachining program in a similar way. And, the complex tool 21 is properlydriven and moved with respect to the workpiece 17. Then, the workpiece17 is turned by the insert 23 so as to execute groove machining of outerdiameter. And, the top end portion of the insert support portion 21 ehas the above-mentioned recesses 21 h, 21 i and the recess 21 m whichtop end center is in concave shape. Then, machining can be executedwithout the interference between the workpiece 17 and the insertsupporting portion 21 e of the main body 21 a.

[0101] When recess machining is executed as shown in FIG. 13, the insert23 is selected, and the B-axis angle α of the axial center CT3 of thecomplex tool 21 is positioned at 105° so as to fix the complex tool 21and the workpiece 17 is rotated at a predetermined rotational number inthe direction as shown by arrow M according to the machining program ina similar way. And, the complex tool 21 is properly driven and movedwith respect to the workpiece 17. Then, the workpiece 17 is turned bythe insert 23 so as to execute recess machining. And, the top endportion of the insert support portion 21 e has the above-mentionedrecesses 21 h, 21 i and the recess 21 m which top end center is inconcave shape. Then, machining can be executed without the interferencebetween the workpiece 17 and the insert supporting portion 21 e.

[0102] The above-mentioned embodiments refer to a plurality of machiningwith the complex tool 21. But, another machining can be executed byproperly selecting the insert and properly setting the B-axis angle α ofthe axial center CT3 as long as the other inserts do not interfere withthe insert in use, in addition to the above-mentioned machiningembodiments.

[0103] Besides, in the above-mentioned embodiments, the insert and theB-axis angle α of the axial center CT3 are automatically positionedaccording to the machining program. But, manually controlled positioningis also possible.

[0104] Although the insert installed on each insert installation face 21q , located facing each chip pocket 21 d is one in the above-mentionedembodiments, two or more may be located in addition to one.

[0105] The present invention is explained on the basis of the embodimentheretofore. The embodiments which are described in the presentspecification are illustrative and not limiting. The scope of theinvention is designated by the accompanying claims and is not restrictedby the descriptions of the specific embodiments. Accordingly, all thetransformations and changes belonging to the claims are included in thescope of the present invention.

1. Complex tool to be installed on a machine tool capable of executingturning machining and milling machining, comprising: a main body in abar shape, installing inserts on its top end being free to attach anddetach; a concave portion formed on said main body from an outerperipheral portion of said main body in a direction of an axial centerof said main body along said axial center direction from a top endportion of said main body; a plurality of insert installation facesformed on said main body, putting said concave portion therebetween; andsaid insert installed on said insert installation face.
 2. The complextool as set forth in claim 1, wherein a plurality of said concaveportions is formed.
 3. The complex tool as set forth in claim 1, whereinsaid inserts located putting said concave portion therebetween areinstalled on said insert installation portions such that both cuttingdirections are opposite to each other.
 4. The complex tool as set forthin claim 1, wherein a recess is formed on said main body for saidinsert.
 5. The complex tool as set forth in claim 2, wherein at leasttwo inserts having the same cutting direction, of a plurality of saidinserts located on a plurality of said concave portions are providedsuch that their top edges are located with equal distance with respectto said axial center of said main body.
 6. The complex tool as set forthin claim 2, wherein said insert is located such that a top edge of saidinsert offsets to said concave portion side a predetermined distancefrom a radial face with said axial center of said main body as itscenter.
 7. The complex tool as set forth in claim 4, wherein a pluralityof said recesses is formed per one insert.
 8. The complex tool as setforth in claim 4, wherein said recesses include a recess formed on saidtop end of said main body, hollowing a central portion of said mainbody.
 9. complex tool to be installed on a machine tool capable ofexecuting turning machining and milling machining, comprising: a mainbody; an insert for turning machining installed on said main body; andan insert for milling machining installed on said main body; wherebyboth turning machining and milling machining can be executed by saidinserts installed on said main body without exchanging tools. 10.complex tool to be installed on a machine tool capable of executingturning machining and drilling machining by rotating tool, comprising: amain body; an insert for turning machining installed on said main body;and an insert for drilling machining installed on said main body;whereby both turning machining and drilling machining by rotating toolcan be executed by said inserts installed on said main body withoutexchanging tools.
 11. The complex tool as set forth in claim 9 or 10,wherein said insert is provided being free to attach to and detach fromsaid main body.
 12. The complex tool as set forth in claim 9 or 10,wherein said insert for turning machining also serves as said insert formilling machining.
 13. The complex tool as set forth in claim 9 or 10,wherein said insert for turning machining also serves as said insert fordrilling machining.